Manu S. Pillai’s “Gods, Guns, and Missionaries” offers a refreshing and thought-provoking lens on the evolution of Hinduism over the last 400+ years. Rather than being a conventional history book recounting events or personalities, it delves into the interplay of Hinduism with political, economic, religious, and cultural forces, particularly in response to Christianity’s influence during this period.
The strength of Pillai’s work lies in its analytical approach. The book is rich with insights and supported by convincing arguments that demonstrate the author’s depth of research and understanding. Pillai’s command over the English language and his engaging, lucid style make the complex subject matter accessible and compelling. His rigorous effort in consulting a wide range of sources to produce this voluminous work is commendable. The book stands as a testament to the author’s dedication to presenting a nuanced narrative on an intricate topic.
However, the book has its share of shortcomings. Toward the latter chapters, the narrative shifts focus, delving extensively into the Hindutva ideology, particularly the life and ideas of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. While these sections are well-researched, they appear tangential to the book’s primary objective of examining the transformation of Hinduism. Moreover, Pillai’s apparent personal views on Savarkar occasionally overshadow his role as an impartial historian.
Another noticeable trend is the recurring critique of Brahminism throughout the book. Terms like “Brahminism” and “Brahmins” are frequently used, often giving the impression of a subtle bias. Additionally, the use of the term “caste” in place of “varna” seems deliberate, which might be unconvincing to readers expecting a more precise use of terminology.
The book’s inclusion of Jyotirao Phule’s anti-caste reforms, while significant in their own right, feels somewhat disconnected from the core theme. Similarly, dedicating substantial space to Savarkar without giving comparable attention to Gandhi feels like a missed opportunity to provide a balanced perspective. As Pillai himself acknowledges in the conclusion, there remains much more to be explored in this complex narrative.
In summary, “Gods, Guns, and Missionaries” is an ambitious and meticulously crafted work that deserves praise for its depth and originality. While its diversions and occasional biases may raise questions, it remains a significant contribution to understanding the dynamic evolution of Hinduism in the context of broader socio-political forces. For readers interested in history, culture, and religion, this book offers a unique and enlightening experience.